A couple of decades ago, a backlash arose against the notion of a
Perennial Philosophy/Psychology (Aldous Huxley, Ken Wilber, et al.) or
Primordial Tradition (Frithjof Schuon, Huston Smith, et al.) in the
study of mysticism by the so-called "constructivist" camp of scholars,
led by Steven Katz and Robert Gimello. This camp can actually be
classified within the entire postmodern "deconstructivist" wave of
academics who today dominate the humanities and social sciences in
general. The postmodern constructivists/deconstructivists accuse
perennialists of circular reasoning, naive hermeneutics, and unsound
use of primary texts. This camp maintains that there are no
cross-culturally shared features of mystical experience, no shared
spiritual "core experience," but rather that each person's mystical
experience is just his/her ordinary experience, not some true
realization of God or Absolute Reality. Thus, mystical experiences are
not at all veridical, they cannot point to any true spiritual "Reality"
beyond themselves. Katz, et al., think that mystics' experiences are
strongly colored by or actually caused and produced by a
superimposition of their beliefs and conditioning upon arising
experiences. All experience, in other words, is mediated by culture,
language, and psycho-physiological factors. No experience is immediate.
In response to this attack, Robert Forman and the other fine
contributing authors to this volume-- Daniel Matt (The Essential
Kabbalah, The Zohar), Anthony Perovich, Philip Almond, Donald Rothberg,
Mark Woodhouse (Paradigm Wars, A Preface to Philosophy), Paul
Griffiths, Christopher Chapple, et al., have advanced a powerfully
persuasive set of arguments in favor of perennialism and the primordial
tradition against the views of the postmodern
constructivist/de-constructivist camp. They completely destroy the
"constructivist" theory of Katz, Gimello and others, on both logical
and empirical grounds. Mind you, the constructivist view is still quite
useful in accounting for "visionary" experiences (e.g., the Christian
seeing Jesus, the Hindu seeing Krishna) and what have sometimes been
called "prophetic" states of consciousness, what Ninian Smart would
call "numinous" experiences. Notwithstanding the fact that most
religious experiences are "constructed" or mediated by cultural,
linguistic, psychological and physiological conditioning,
constructivists simply cannot adequately account for the deepest
intuitive or contemplative mystical experience, what Forman calls "the
Pure Consciousness Event" (PCE), which, because it is formless, has no
"contaminating" influence from conditioned forms of thinking,
perception or feeling. In other words, the Pure Consciousness
Event--what I call "mystical realization of Spirit or Pure Awareness or
Absolute Being"--is not shaped by concepts, theological dogmas,
symbols, memories, emotions, diet, body type, patterns of social
interaction, or anything else. It just is, in all its blessed
simplicity and purity. Ostensibly, the PCE is an immediate intuition of
the Divine Ground or Absolute Reality, that is, it is a radical form
of de-conditioning or liberation and direct experiencing of the Real.
Katz would disagree, saying that the perennialist dream of ultimate
freedom and God-realization is mere delusion, bereft of evidence.
Forman and I would strongly argue against this, on the basis of both
direct experience and also the obvious, magnificent freedom of the most
acclaimed sages in the sacred traditions whom one can meet or read
about (e.g., Eckhart, Juan de la Cruz, the Buddhist and Advaita Vedanta
masters, nondual Sufis and Kabbalists, contemplative Taoists, et al.).
This freedom or de-conditioning makes a real difference: a method to
easily test this is to seat Katz and any spiritual master together in
the same meditation hermitage for a month without any distractions, and
see who fares well in "the art of just being" and who does not. No
contest. Monitoring their brain waves, stress hormone levels, and so
forth would show even more clearly that the genuine mystic enjoys a
tremendous state of ease under such "trying" circumstances that simply
cannot be faked by anyone who has not awakened to the Real. --Timothy
Conway, Ph.D., Pacifica Graduate Institute, author of *Women of Power
and Grace: Nine Astonishing, Inspiring Luminaries of Our Time.*